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P-Wave Generation and Interpretation

Represents atrial depolarization, originating from the Sinoatrial (SA) node. Its morphology reflects the sequential spread of electrical activity across the atria.
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The statement of the theorem

Let ϕ(r,t)\phi(\mathbf{r}, t) be the transmembrane electrical potential field in the atrial myocardium, where r∈Ωatria⊂R3\mathbf{r} \in \Omega_{atria} \subset \mathbb{R}^3 and tt is time. The P-wave generation is governed by the modified cable equation, incorporating the local current density Jion\mathbf{J}_{ion} and the extracellular current Jext\mathbf{J}_{ext}: \n∇⋅Jext=∂ϕ∂t+∑i∂Iion,i∂t\nabla \cdot \mathbf{J}_{ext} = \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t} + \sum_{i} \frac{\partial I_{ion, i}}{\partial t} \nThe morphology of the P-wave, ϕP(r,t)\phi_{P}(\mathbf{r}, t), reflects the spatio-temporal gradient of the potential, ∇ϕ\nabla \phi, originating from the Sinoatrial (SA) node source SSA\mathbf{S}_{SA}. The rate of depolarization is characterized by the local conduction velocity vcond=−∇ϕ/Jext\mathbf{v}_{cond} = -\nabla \phi / \mathbf{J}_{ext}.