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Strong Nuclear Force

The fundamental force holding atomic nuclei together, overcoming electrostatic repulsion and mediating nuclear reactions.
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The statement of the theorem

The strong interaction potential Vstrong(r)V_{strong}(r) between two nucleons (N) is modeled by a potential that includes a short-range attractive component and a long-range repulsive component (due to the Pauli exclusion principle and tensor forces). The Hamiltonian density H\mathcal{H} governing the interaction is:\nHstrong=Vstrong(r)=Vresidual(r)+Vtensor(r)\mathcal{H}_{strong} = V_{strong}(r) = V_{residual}(r) + V_{tensor}(r) \nWhere Vresidual(r)V_{residual}(r) is typically approximated by a Yukawa potential or a more complex form incorporating saturation effects, and rr is the separation distance.