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Dilute Solution Theory

Applies when the concentration of a solute is low, allowing for simplified calculations based on ideal solution behavior.
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The statement of the theorem

Consider a solution where the concentration of solute ii is low, such that the activity coefficient γi\gamma_i approaches unity. The activity aia_i of component ii is then approximated by its mole fraction xix_i: \nai≈xia_i \approx x_i \nThis leads to the simplified expression for the chemical potential: \nμi≈μi0+RTln⁡(xi)\mu_i \approx \mu_i^0 + R T \ln(x_i)