Majorana Neutrinos
The hypothesis that neutrinos may be Majorana particles, meaning they are their own antiparticles, offering a potential solution to the neutrino mass problem.
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The statement of the theorem
A Majorana neutrino field is defined by the condition that it is equal to its charge conjugate : . Consequently, the Lagrangian density must be invariant under charge conjugation and contain a symmetric mass term : \n\n$$ \mathcal{L}_{M} = \frac{1}{2} \bar{\nu} (i \gamma^{\mu} \partial_{\mu}) \nu - \frac{1}{2} \bar{\nu} M \nu^c + \text{h.c.} \tag{2} \text{where } M \text{ is a real, symmetric mass matrix.} \tag{3}