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Hydrogen Bonding

The attraction between a hydrogen atom and another electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen), crucial for stabilizing nucleic acid structures.
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The statement of the theorem

Consider a donor-acceptor pair (D,A)(D, A) and a hydrogen bond interaction potential EHBE_{HB}. The potential energy EHBE_{HB} between a donor DD (e.g., N-H) and an acceptor AA (e.g., O or N) is modeled by a sum of distance and angular terms:\nEHB(r,θ)=E0(rDAr0)ne−k(rDA−r0)+Eθ(1−(cos⁡(θ−θ0))1)E_{HB}(r, \theta) = E_0 \left( \frac{r_{DA}}{r_0} \right)^n e^{-k(r_{DA} - r_0)} + E_{\theta} \left( 1 - \frac{(\cos(\theta - \theta_0))}{1} \right) \nwhere rDAr_{DA} is the distance between DD and AA, r0r_0 is the equilibrium distance, θ\theta is the angle formed by the donor-H-acceptor angle, and E0,Eθ,kE_0, E_{\theta}, k are empirical constants. Stable pairing requires EHB<EcritE_{HB} < E_{crit}.