Durability Guarantee
Once a transaction is committed, its changes are permanently stored and will survive system failures.
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The statement of the theorem
Let be the persistent storage medium and be the commit operation for a transaction . Durability requires that if returns success, the resulting state must be permanently recorded in , even if a subsequent failure occurs. Formally, let be the operation of flushing the commit log records to . Durability mandates that the state must be recoverable from after , such that . This is typically achieved by forcing the log records to stable storage before acknowledging the commit.