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Liquid Drop Model

A semi-empirical model that treats the nucleus as a liquid, using parameters like volume, surface tension, and pairing forces to predict nuclear properties.
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The statement of the theorem

The binding energy B(A,Z)B(A, Z) of a nucleus with AA nucleons and ZZ protons is modeled using the Semi-Empirical Mass Formula (SEMF), which treats the nucleus as a charged liquid drop. The binding energy is given by the sum of five terms: B(A,Z)=avA−asA2/3−acZ(Z−1)A1/3−asym(A−2Z)2A×(1+apairA1/3) B(A, Z) = a_v A - a_s A^{2/3} - a_c \frac{Z(Z-1)}{A^{1/3}} - a_{sym} \frac{(A-2Z)^2}{A} \times (1 + \frac{a_{pair}}{A^{1/3}}) where ava_v, asa_s, aca_c, and asyma_{sym} are volume, surface, Coulomb, and symmetry coefficients, respectively. The pairing term is incorporated by the factor (1+apairA1/3)(1 + \frac{a_{pair}}{A^{1/3}}), which accounts for the energetic preference for even-even nuclei.
Source: Wikipedia