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Vacuum System

Mass spectrometers operate under high vacuum to minimize collisions between ions and residual gas molecules, ensuring accurate measurements.
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The statement of the theorem

The operational requirement for a high vacuum system is maintaining a pressure PP significantly below atmospheric pressure, typically P<10−5P < 10^{-5} Torr. This condition ensures that the mean free path λ\lambda of the ions is much greater than the dimensions of the instrument, such that the collision frequency νcoll\nu_{coll} with residual gas molecules is minimized:\nλ=kBTPσ≫L\lambda = \frac{k_B T}{P \sigma} \gg L \nwhere kBk_B is the Boltzmann constant, TT is the temperature, PP is the pressure, σ\sigma is the collision cross-section, and LL is the characteristic length scale.
Source: Wikipedia