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Integrity Checksum

A cryptographic hash function used to verify the unaltered state of data transmitted over a network, detecting modifications.

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The statement of the theorem

Define a cryptographic hash function

H: \text{Data} \to \text{Digest}

, where

\text{Data}

is the input message space and

\text{Digest}

is the fixed-size output space. For a transmitted message

D

and its calculated checksum

C = H(D)

, integrity is verified by receiving

D'

and recalculating

C' = H(D')

. The message is deemed unaltered if and only if

C' = C

Source: Wikipedia